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Recently, a breakthrough in solar technology has taken inspiration from nature—specifically the sunflower. Scientists have created a sunflower-shaped solar concentrator that could change the way we harness solar energy. This innovative design uses multiple mirrors to focus sunlight onto a central photovoltaic chip, significantly increasing efficiency. Researchers believe this system could bring clean energy to remote and underserved regions around the world.
The goal of this project is to develop an affordable photovoltaic system capable of capturing 80% of available sunlight and converting it into electricity. The system is designed to be cost-effective, with installation costs only one-third of those for similar technologies. It features a large parabolic reflector made up of smaller, adjustable mirrors, all connected to a tracking system that follows the sun’s movement throughout the day. This ensures maximum exposure and energy collection.
At the heart of the system are microchannel liquid-cooled receivers equipped with optoelectronic chips. Each chip, about the size of a thumb, can generate between 200 and 250 watts of power per day under optimal sunlight conditions. The project, known as HCPVT (High Concentration Photovoltaic and Photothermal), recently received a $2.4 million grant over three years from the Swiss Commission for Technology and Innovation. The funding supports collaboration between IBM Research, Airlight Energy, ETH Zurich, and other institutions.
The HCPVT system includes hundreds of these small chips, collectively generating up to 25 kilowatts of power. The cooling system is highly efficient, using micro-structured layers to deliver coolant just tens of microns away from the chips. This allows for better heat management and higher overall performance. According to Bruno-Mitchell of IBM, the system uses three-junction photovoltaic cells that can convert more than 30% of sunlight directly into electricity, while also achieving over 50% heat recovery efficiency.
Mitchell emphasized that the design is both practical and scalable. The system uses a concrete-based tracker and low-cost inflatable mirrors, making it far more affordable than traditional setups. Andrea Pedretti from Airlight Energy added that the use of concrete and metal foil instead of expensive materials like steel and glass makes the entire system simpler and more sustainable.
This technology has the potential to provide reliable energy and even fresh water to many arid regions, including parts of Africa, the Middle East, and South America. It could also boost tourism in island nations such as the Maldives or Seychelles by offering a clean and efficient power source. Unlike conventional systems, which are complex and costly, HCPVT offers a streamlined, cost-effective alternative.
Currently, a prototype is being tested at the IBM Institute in Zurich, with additional units planned for testing in Switzerland. If successful, this innovation could mark a major step forward in renewable energy solutions worldwide.