Tool processing: how to improve the durability of the turning tool

In addition to a good tool-coated cutting fluid, there is a new process to cut off the thermal current loop.

It is well known that during the metal cutting process, due to chip deformation and friction, the cutting region generates a high temperature, and at the same time, due to the difference between the tool and the workpiece material, the two poles of the thermocouple are formed to generate a thermoelectromotive force, and a direct current thermal current is generated. The thermal current easily strengthens the oxidation process of the tool working surface and accelerates the wear of the tool. Under certain conditions, the thermoelectromotive force-thermal current is also generated in the contact area between the tool and the machine tool, the contact area between the workpiece and the machine tool, and the friction pair of the machine tool itself. Electromagnetic and electromagnetic effects are also generated during the cutting process, and electron emission-discharge phenomena are also generated on the surface of the high temperature contact zone.

In recent years, researchers at home and abroad have shown that the thermal current generated during the cutting process and the thermal current caused by other factors, the two thermal currents are formed by the machine tool-tool--workpiece-machine system. At the same time, local thermal currents circulate in the limited contact area of ​​the tool-workpiece, thus increasing the wear of the tool. Therefore, in addition to the above basic approaches to improving tool cutting performance and tool durability, a new approach can be adopted - that is, to combat the thermal current effect of tool wear, that is, to cut off the thermal current loop.

The method of cutting off the thermal current loop is very simple. Even if the tool is insulated from the machine tool or the workpiece and the machine tool, the thermal current cannot form a loop through the cutting area, which can reduce the affinity between the metals and reduce the generation of built-up edge and scale. , which improves the cutting performance of the tool and improves the tool durability and processing quality.

How to cut off the thermal current loop. For the lathe, use a bakelite or plastic pad on the upper and lower sides of the turning tool to insulate the upper and lower planes and sides of the arbor from the square turret on the machine tool. For milling and planers, if The pliers clamp the workpiece, and the rubber or rubber plate is padded between the jaws and the workpiece to insulate the workpiece from the pliers; for the drill bit and the end mill, a high-strength plastic handle bit and a plastic end mill can be used. Insulate the tool holder from the machine tool spindle hole.

Through production practice, the cut-off thermal current loop is especially suitable for processing high-strength, high-hardness, difficult-to-cut materials to show its effect, and generally improves tool durability by 1~2 times. Therefore, it is one of the easiest and easiest ways to implement it.

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