Current status of CNC surface grinder and main numerical control system

The surface grinder adopts the numerical control system relatively late than the lathe, milling machine, etc. because of its special requirements for the numerical control system. In the past ten years, with the help of CNC technology, the continuous dressing of the grinding wheel on the grinding machine, automatic compensation, automatic exchange of grinding wheels, multiple worktables, automatic transfer and clamping of workpieces and other operational functions have been realized, and numerical control technology has been gradually popularized on surface grinders. In recent years, Hannover, Tokyo, Chicago, and domestic large-scale machine tool exhibitions, CNC grinding machines have occupied the majority of the entire grinding machine exhibits, such as Germany BLOHM company, ELB company and other famous grinding machine manufacturers no longer produce ordinary grinding machines, Japan's Ben, Rixing and other companies have also produced full-function CNC flat grinding in batches. While developing high-grade CNC flat grinding, they are actively developing medium and low-grade CNC flat grinding.

In the past few years, the BRILLIANT series two-axis CNC forming grinding machine produced by ELB Company of Germany has the vertical and horizontal axes as the numerical control axis and the vertical direction as the hydraulic control. The grinding wheel is finished with the diamond roller mounted on the worktable, which has a wide application range; SUPER-BRILLIANT series It is a three-coordinate CNC plane and a forming grinder. The bed is made of natural granite. The geometric precision is extremely high. The guide rails are linear rolling guides. The mechanical drive has no backlash, thus ensuring a good surface finish of the workpiece. BRILLIANT-FUTURE is the above two. A series of improved products, the bed is made of artificial granite, the longitudinal pressure rail is used, the toothed belt is driven, the vertical and horizontal rails are preloaded linear rolling guide, ball screw drive, three-axis CNC control AC servo motor, 0.5 Measurement resolution of μm. At the same time, ELB has developed the latest state-of-the-art grinder products, namely the CAM-MASTER series of flexible grinding units based on mechatronics and computer technology, the CAD-MASTER series and the COMPACT-MASTER series of grinding centers, with the most control axes. It can reach 24 axes. In addition, due to the full implementation of modular design, the manufacturing cycle of special grinding machines is shortened. ELB has also developed a variety of high-efficiency special grinding machines, such as SFVG100/2 special grinding machines, with tiltable grinding heads, continuous dressing, and slow-feeding. , oblique cutting into the grinding function, with 11 CNC control shaft, such as the same grinding center. British JONES & SHIPMAN company and American AB company developed A-B8600 numerical control system for FORMAT5 type CNC flat grinding, CNC controlled hydraulic valve, driving longitudinal adjustable speed movement, horizontal and grinding head feeding ball screw pair, DC servo motor Drive, intermittent wheel dressing, CRT graphic simulation display. At the same time, other types of CNC systems can be used to meet the requirements of different users.

At present, with the continuous improvement of semiconductor integration, the newly introduced system is getting smaller and smaller in appearance, more and more compact in structure, and functions such as remote communication, remote diagnosis, multi-machine networking, etc.; the operation interface is close to the WINDOWS system. Add mouse, remote control and other operating parts. FANUC mainly introduced 18I, 16I, 20I and 21I systems this year. SIEMENS is a compact system with 840D, 810D and 802D. There are also some manufacturers such as: PA8000NT series CNC controller developed by Taiwan Precision Machinery Research and Development Center, which uses WINDOWS NC operating system and NT instant multiplex processing core. The processing speed of single block program is 2000 pieces/second. The number of read processing can reach 1000, with AART (pre-adaptive adjustment technology) and parameter optimization learning function, which can make the following error close to zero. The software processing path filter can reduce the excessive change of acceleration during the cutting process. Mechanical resonance generated to improve surface roughness; flexible servo, +--10V analog servo interface, and international standard SERCOS digital servo communication interface; PLC programming with ladder diagram, structure statement, function block, instruction Five syntaxes such as code and flow chart for easy design, communication and maintenance; with computer remote communication and instant remote maintenance; control axes and spindles can be expanded to up to 64 axes, I/O points can be expanded to 792/528 points, using Pentium processor, high-speed PLC processing speed of 25K.

In addition to the well-known CNC system specialists such as SIEMENS, which have developed and produced many systems suitable for flat or profile grinding, some flat grinding plants themselves have actively developed CNC systems for their grinding machines. There are:

Siemens SINUMERIK 840D system, the system has more than 20 servo axes, coordinate continuous stroke control, manual data input or input through external computer, remote diagnosis, can change the stroke with the diameter of the grinding wheel, the wheel dressing amount is automatically compensated, Ball screw clearance error compensation, etc.

The Siemens 3G system was developed specifically for grinding and is equipped with an operation reminder for man-machine dialogue. When the axis is tilted, linear and circular interpolation can also be performed. Run cycles that often occur during grinding, such as The spindle swings, and the special preparation function such as the execution of the program, the grinding wheel cutting, the grinding wheel dressing, etc. is interrupted by an external signal, and the fixed cycle program is programmed. Not only can it use an external measuring device (switching signal), but it can also be compared directly to the final size when connecting a suitable measuring head.

The 8400CNC and 8600CNC CNC series produced by ALLEY-BRANDLY Company are suitable for lathes, milling machines and grinding machines. The 8400CNC can control up to 6 servo axes. Any 2 axes can be circularly interpolated. Any 3 axes can be helically interpolated. , 6-axis linear interpolation. The 8600CNC series can control up to 17 coordinates, including 8 participating interpolation axes, 8 position control axes and 1 spindle. It has graphic display, extended branch program, display processing time, high-speed program verification, tool life monitoring and other functions.

In addition, there is a UNICON system jointly developed by ELB and the University of Germany. Japan's Otsuka Iron Works OSP5000G-G, OSP30-NF and other self-developed flat and profile grinding CNC system, its OSP5000G-G can control up to 9 coordinates, 6 coordinates can be linked, with 12-inch color display, man-machine Dialogue programming, automatically determine the cutting coefficient, can be input by floppy disk, into the FMS system, the minimum pulse equivalent, moving equivalent and detection equivalent are 0.1μm, and the inductive synchronizer is fully closed-loop.

Some flat grinding manufacturers use the system of CNC main engine factory, but develop their own software, which is more suitable for plane and shape grinding. For example, JUNG Company of Germany is based on Siemens SINUMERIK 810, using the company's special software, using JUNG KONTUR The programming language shapes and trims the grinding wheel and has graphic assisted operation. Okamoto Corporation of Japan developed the OPL language for grinding processing on FANUC CNC system hardware, and so on.

Today's linear motor, dynamic balance and other technologies and processes are increasingly developed, and the machine tool's work efficiency is greatly improved. The application of suitable measurement technology to the development and utilization of the numerical control system and the enhancement of the electrical automatic control function of the machine tool are even more powerful.

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