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The introduction of the four characteristics of "fine and simple" furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties
The characteristics of furniture from the Ming and Qing dynasties are often described as "refined," "ingenious," "simple," and "elegant." These qualities have become key criteria for distinguishing authentic Ming-style furniture from that of the Qing period. Understanding these traits helps in identifying the origin and value of antique pieces.
Refinement refers to the high-quality materials and exceptional craftsmanship used in Ming-style furniture. The materials, such as huanghuali, rosewood, and ironwood, were chosen for their fine texture, deep color, and durability. The joinery techniques, like mortise and tenon, ensured strong and long-lasting structures. Due to the slow growth of these woods, they became increasingly rare by the late Ming and early Qing periods, making it difficult to find them later on. As a result, Qing dynasty furniture often used different materials, which makes material analysis essential when determining if a piece is truly from the Ming era.
Ingenious design is another hallmark of Ming furniture. The structure was carefully planned to complement the architecture of the space it occupied. The overall layout was harmonious, and the furniture played an important role in enhancing the aesthetics of the environment. This thoughtful integration made Ming furniture not just functional but also visually appealing.
Simplicity is a defining feature of Ming-style furniture. Despite the variety in styles, there was always a focus on minimalism and clarity. The designs were elegant yet unpretentious, with clean lines and smooth forms. Many compare this style to the works of the Eight Great Mountain People, known for their concise and expressive brushwork. The simplicity of the shapes and the balance of the forms create a sense of calmness, stability, and grace.
Elegance is the final quality that distinguishes Ming furniture. It reflects a refined cultural taste, influenced by scholars and artists in Suzhou who contributed to its design. The craftsmen catered to the aesthetic preferences of the literati, resulting in furniture that was simple in form, minimally decorated, and naturally colored. This elegance conveyed a sense of authenticity and sophistication without unnecessary embellishment.