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The introduction of the four characteristics of "fine and simple" furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties
In the context of Ming and Qing dynasty furniture, common adjectives used to describe its characteristics are "refined," "clever," "simplified," and "elegant." These terms are often used as key indicators to differentiate between Ming-style and early Qing-style furniture.
Refinement refers to the use of high-quality materials and exquisite craftsmanship. The materials typically used in Ming-style furniture include hardwoods with fine grain, rich color, and smooth texture, such as huanghuali, red sandalwood, and ironwood. The construction method commonly employed is the mortise-and-tenon joint, which ensures a strong and durable structure that remains stable over time. Due to the slow growth of these woods, they became increasingly scarce after extensive logging during the Ming Dynasty, making them difficult to find by the late Ming and early Qing periods. As a result, Qing-era furniture underwent significant changes in material usage. Therefore, examining the materials is essential when identifying whether a piece is truly from the Ming Dynasty.
Ingenuity reflects the clever design and advanced craftsmanship. The structural design of Ming Dynasty furniture was carefully coordinated with the architecture of the rooms it occupied. The overall arrangement of the furniture was well-organized and harmonious, contributing to the aesthetic appeal of the space while enhancing the environment.
Simplicity means that the forms are minimalistic and the lines are smooth. Furniture is a form of plastic art. Although the styles of Ming Dynasty furniture varied widely, they all shared a fundamental characteristic: simplicity. Some compare it to the brushwork of the Eight Great Mountain Men, known for being concise, clear, and expressive. A few lines and combined shapes create an artistic impression of calmness, beauty, simplicity, stability, openness, and ethereal quality.
Elegance refers to a fresh and refined style. Elegance represents culture and a sense of aesthetic refinement. Many literati and painters from Suzhou during the Ming Dynasty were directly involved in the design and production of furniture, and the craftsmen catered to the sophisticated tastes of these scholars. This collaboration gradually gave rise to the "elegant" character of Ming-style furniture. The elegance is reflected in the simple forms, minimal decoration, and natural colors, without any artificial embellishment. (Editor: Peter)