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Indoor environmental protection testing standards and methods for removing formaldehyde
At present, the government has implemented strict regulations to limit the release of harmful substances into the environment. This includes building materials, which are now subject to the "Ten Standards for Restriction of Hazardous Substances." In the context of home decoration, the "2005 New Home Improvement Contract" already takes indoor air quality into consideration as a key part of the overall evaluation of the renovation work. This ensures that homeowners can enjoy a safer and healthier living environment.
According to the GB18883-2002 "Regulations on Indoor Environmental Pollution Control in Civil Construction Projects," testing is conducted to ensure compliance with these standards, and an authoritative inspection report from the CMA (China Metrology Accreditation) is issued.
GB18883-2002 sets specific limits for five major pollutants:
| Pollutants | Class I Civil Construction | Class II Civil Construction |
|-------------------|----------------------------|-----------------------------|
| Formaldehyde (mg/m³) | ≤ 0.08 | ≤ 0.12 |
| Benzene (mg/m³) | ≤ 0.09 | ≤ 0.90 |
| TVOC (mg/m³) | ≤ 0.50 | ≤ 0.60 |
| Ammonia (mg/m³) | ≤ 0.20 | ≤ 0.50 |
| Radon (Bq/m³) | ≤ 200 | ≤ 400 |
Class I civil buildings include residential homes, hospitals, elderly care facilities, kindergartens, and school classrooms, where the health of occupants is a top priority. On the other hand, Class II civil buildings consist of office buildings, shops, hotels, cultural and entertainment venues, libraries, exhibition halls, gyms, public transport waiting areas, and restaurants, where the exposure level is generally lower but still requires monitoring.
To effectively remove formaldehyde from indoor spaces, several methods can be used:
1. **Ventilation Method**
Opening windows and doors is one of the most effective ways to reduce formaldehyde levels. However, it's important to do this properly—avoid opening too many windows at once, as excessive airflow may damage the walls or paint. It's best to open a few windows in the morning or evening, avoiding direct sunlight during midday to prevent wall cracking.
2. **Water Absorption Method**
Placing pots of clean water in the house can help absorb formaldehyde. Adding items like vinegar, scallions, or orange peels to the water can enhance the effect. The water should be changed twice daily to maintain its effectiveness.
3. **Plant Purification Method**
Certain houseplants are known for their ability to purify the air. Plants such as Aloe Vera, Chlorophytum, Sansevieria, and Monstera are particularly effective at removing harmful substances, especially formaldehyde. Studies show that Sansevieria and Chrysanthemum can absorb over 80% of indoor pollutants, while Aloe Vera can remove up to 90% of formaldehyde in a cubic meter of air.
4. **Activated Carbon Absorption Method**
Activated carbon is highly efficient at adsorbing formaldehyde and other harmful gases. It also helps with deodorization, moisture control, and sterilization. However, it’s important to replace the activated carbon regularly, as it can become saturated over time and lose its effectiveness.
5. **Fruit Deodorization Method**
Fruits like oranges and pineapples have strong aromas that can neutralize odors. Using fruit bonsai plants such as kumquats or pumpkins can not only deodorize the space but also add a pleasant fragrance, making it a practical and aesthetic solution.
6. **Photocatalytic Decomposition Method**
This method uses photocatalysts that, when exposed to light, generate hydroxyl radicals and negative ions. These compounds break down harmful pollutants into harmless substances like carbon dioxide and water. It’s a safe and eco-friendly way to improve indoor air quality.
In conclusion, maintaining good indoor air quality is essential for a healthy living environment. Whether through natural ventilation, plant-based solutions, or advanced technologies like photocatalysis, there are multiple ways to ensure your new home is safe and comfortable. Don’t forget to conduct professional environmental testing after renovation to confirm that all standards are met.
Keywords: New home environmental protection, formaldehyde testing, indoor air quality, home decoration, paint safety.
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