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The symptoms of celery sickness and comprehensive prevention and treatment skills
Celery disease is primarily caused by infection from the genus *Pythium*. This pathogen has a broad host range and can lead to significant damage, including the death of entire seedling patches. Timely application of **pesticides** is crucial in managing this disease.
1. **Symptoms of the Disease:**
After transplanting, the true leaves of the celery plants may not fully unfold. The severity of the disease is more pronounced in seedlings that have already been transplanted, while younger seedlings tend to show milder symptoms. When the seedlings are still underground, the embryonic stems and cotyledons may rot and die. Early signs include water-soaked areas at the base of the stem, which gradually turn yellowish-brown and narrow into a thin line. As the disease progresses, the seedlings lose support and fall over, though the leaves usually remain green without wilting. In high humidity and warm conditions, a white, cotton-like fungal growth may appear on the surface of the infected plant and the pathogen itself.
2. **Prevention and Control Methods:**
**Agricultural Practices:**
(1) When selecting a site for seedlings, it's essential to choose a well-drained, sunny, and wind-protected area with loose, fertile soil. Avoid low-lying or wet plots, especially those previously used for celery. The soil should be enriched with fully decomposed organic matter to prevent contamination by pathogens.
(2) Seed treatment is an effective way to prevent seed-borne diseases. Soak seeds in warm water (50–55°C) before sowing, continuously stirring until the temperature drops to 30°C. Then continue soaking to kill any potential germs.
(3) Proper management of the seedbed environment is critical. Humidity plays a key role in disease development, so reducing moisture levels and increasing temperature are important preventive measures. Avoid excessive watering before sowing. If necessary, water just enough to moisten the top 10 cm of soil. After sowing, cover the bed with plastic film and add a layer of mulch at night to maintain warmth. Keep the temperature between 15–20°C. During cold periods, increase the thickness of the mulch or use plastic covers to protect against frost. Watering should be minimized in the seedbed. During dry weather, light watering can be done during midday, but ensure good ventilation and drainage. In rainy seasons, proper ventilation and light exposure are essential. Removing dry ash from the seedbed helps reduce humidity, absorb heat, and suppress the pathogen.
**Chemical Control:**
(1) Before planting, disinfect the soil using 5W6 Duo Ling Ling WP at a rate of 0.075–0.08 kg per 10 square meters. Alternatively, mix 30–40 kg of Domusing WP with fine soil and apply it to the seedbed. Once mixed, the soil can be directly used for sowing.
(2) A mixture of 40% pentachloronitrobenzene and 50% thiram in a 1:1 ratio can be applied at 0.008 kg per square meter, combined with 10–15 kg of fine soil or sand. Alternatively, mix 0.008–0.01 kg of 50% Yinling wettable powder with 5–8 grams of finely sifted soil. Apply one-third of the mixture as a base layer and cover the seeds with the remaining two-thirds. This method significantly reduces disease incidence.
(3) Once the disease appears, remove infected plants and apply fungicides. According to the **Pesticide Network**, effective treatments include 75% chlorothalonil WP diluted 700–800 times, 40% Ethyl aluminum at 50–600 times, 72% Plectranthus water at 600 times, and 64% anti-virus alum wettable powder at 500 times. These solutions have shown good results in controlling the disease.