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The symptoms of celery sickness and comprehensive prevention and treatment skills
Celery disease is primarily caused by infections from the genus *Pythium*. This pathogen has a broad host range and can lead to severe damage, including the death of entire seedling patches. Prompt application of **pesticides** is crucial for effective management.
1. **Symptoms of the Disease**:
After transplanting, the true leaves may not fully open. The disease tends to be more severe in older seedlings compared to younger ones. In untransplanted seedlings, the stem and cotyledons may rot and die. Early symptoms include water-soaked areas at the base of the stem, which turn yellowish-brown and gradually narrow into a thin line. As a result, the seedlings lose support and fall over, while the leaves often remain green without showing signs of wilting. Under high temperature and humidity conditions, white, cotton-like fungal growth can appear on the surface of infected plants and the pathogen itself.
2. **Prevention and Control Methods**:
**Agricultural Practices**:
(1) When selecting a site for seedbeds, choose a dry, sheltered, sunny area that is not prone to waterlogging. The soil should be loose and fertile. Avoid low-lying, moist plots, and ensure that the area has not been previously planted with celery. It’s best to use well-decomposed compost in the seedbed to avoid introducing pathogens.
(2) Seed treatment is essential to prevent seed-borne diseases. Soak seeds in warm water (50–55°C) before sowing, stirring continuously. Once the water cools to 30°C, continue soaking to kill any potential germs.
(3) Proper management of temperature and humidity is key. Keep the seedbed dry before sowing, and water only enough to moisten the top 10 cm of soil. After sowing, cover with plastic film and insulate at night. If temperatures drop too low, add more mulch or cover with plastic to maintain a temperature between 15–20°C. Avoid prolonged exposure to cold. During dry periods, water lightly during midday, ensuring good ventilation and drainage. In rainy seasons, increase air circulation and light exposure. Regularly remove dry ash from the seedbed to reduce humidity, improve warmth, and inhibit pathogen growth.
**Chemical Control**:
(1) Before planting, disinfect the soil using 0.075–0.08 kg of Duxing WP per 10 square meters, or mix 30–40 kg of Domyung WP with fine soil. Thoroughly mix and apply it to the seedbed before sowing.
(2) A mixture of 40% pentachloronitrobenzene and 50% thiram in a 1:1 ratio can be applied at 0.008 kg per square meter, mixed with 10–15 kg of fine soil or sand. Alternatively, 0.008–0.01 kg of 50% Yiling WP can be mixed with 5–8 grams of fine soil. Apply one-third of the treated soil beneath the seedbed and use the remaining two-thirds to cover the seeds. This method significantly reduces disease incidence.
(3) Once the disease appears, remove affected plants and apply fungicides. According to the **Pesticide Network**, effective options include 75% chlorothalonil WP diluted at 700–800 times, 40% ethyl aluminum at 50–600 times, 72% mefenoxam at 600 times, and 64% mancozeb wettable powder at 500 times. These treatments have shown good results in controlling the disease.
By combining proper agricultural practices with timely chemical interventions, the risk of celery disease can be effectively minimized, ensuring healthier seedlings and better crop yields.