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Prevention and treatment of mung bean leaf spot
Leaf spot disease is a major concern in mung bean cultivation, significantly impacting crop yield and quality. This disease primarily affects the stems, leaves, and petioles of mung bean plants. Initially, water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, which gradually develop into round or irregular yellowish-brown to dark red lesions. The center of these lesions turns gray, while the edges become reddish-brown to dark brown, often surrounded by a yellow halo. As the disease progresses, multiple lesions merge into large necrotic areas, leading to leaf perforation and early senescence of the plant.
According to the China Pesticide Network, leaf spot disease can cause yield losses ranging from 10% to 30%, with severe cases resulting in over 50% reduction in production, severely affecting the quality of the harvest. The pathogen survives in the soil and on infected plant debris, reactivating the following season. It spreads through wind, rain, and contaminated seeds. Mung bean seedlings are particularly vulnerable, and the disease development is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity.
The optimal temperature for disease spread is between 25°C and 28°C, with relative humidity above 85% to 90%. At temperatures reaching 32°C, the disease develops most rapidly. To manage this issue effectively, farmers should adopt integrated control strategies.
One of the most effective preventive measures is crop rotation, which helps reduce the buildup of pathogens in the soil. Additionally, applying potassium-rich fertilizers along with organic matter can enhance the plant's resistance to leaf spot, thereby minimizing damage.
Chemical control is also an essential part of the strategy. When symptoms first appear, it is recommended to spray 50–80 ml of a 30 kg water solution (diluted 800–1000 times) or use 5% oxazolyl suspension at a rate of 20 g per acre mixed with 30 kg of water. Alternatively, products like Baojida (18% prochloraz-copper rosinate EC) at 20 g per acre or 50% carbendazim WP diluted 800–1000 times can be used. These treatments should be applied every 7 to 10 days, with three consecutive applications typically sufficient to control the spread of the disease.