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Prevention and treatment of mung bean leaf spot
Leaf spot disease is a major concern in mung bean cultivation, significantly affecting plant health and yield. This fungal infection primarily targets the stems, leaves, and petioles of mung bean plants. Initially, small water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, which gradually develop into round or irregularly shaped yellowish-brown to dark red lesions. The center of these spots tends to be gray, while the edges range from reddish-brown to dark brown. A distinct yellow halo often surrounds the affected areas. As the disease progresses, multiple lesions merge into large necrotic patches, causing leaf perforation and early senescence.
According to the **China Pesticide Network**, leaf spot disease can cause yield losses ranging from 10% to 30%, with severe outbreaks leading to reductions of over 50%. This not only impacts quantity but also severely affects the quality of the harvested mung beans.
The pathogen responsible for this disease survives in the soil and on infected plant debris during the winter. In the following growing season, it multiplies on mung bean plants and spreads through wind, rain, and contaminated seeds. The disease is particularly severe in young seedlings, and its development is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. High temperatures (25°C to 28°C) combined with high humidity (85% to 90%) create ideal conditions for rapid spread. At 32°C, the disease develops most quickly.
To manage leaf spot disease effectively, several preventive measures are recommended:
1. **Crop rotation** is one of the most effective strategies. By rotating mung beans with non-host crops, the build-up of pathogens in the soil can be reduced.
2. **Increased use of potassium fertilizers** can enhance the plant’s resistance to disease. Combining potassium with organic fertilizers helps improve overall plant health and reduce the impact of the disease.
3. **Pesticide application** is often necessary when symptoms first appear. For example, spraying 50–80 ml of a 30 kg water solution (diluted 800–1000 times) or using 5% oxazolol suspension at 20 g per acre mixed with 30 kg of water can help control the disease. Other options include Baojida (18% prochloraz-copper rosinate EC) at 20 g per acre or 50% carbendazim WP diluted to 800–1000 times. These treatments should be applied every 7 to 10 days, typically requiring three consecutive applications to effectively control the spread of the disease.
By implementing these integrated management practices, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of leaf spot disease and ensure healthier mung bean crops.