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How to keep away from common diseases in the solar greenhouse
In order to help most growers better understand the causes and prevention methods of common diseases in greenhouse farming, we introduce the following information through the **Chinese Pesticide Network**:
1. **Powdery Mildew**
This disease is caused by the fungus *Erysiphe cichoracearum*, which primarily affects leaves. The symptoms include a white powdery coating on the leaf surface, which eventually leads to brown, necrotic spots. Spores are spread through air and irrigation water. The disease thrives in temperatures between 10°C and 25°C, with high dryness and temperature fluctuations being favorable. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, spore viability decreases rapidly.
**Prevention and Control Measures:**
- **Disinfection before planting:** Use sulfur powder (0.24 kg per 100 m³) or chlorothalonil smoke agent (0.45 kg of sawdust mixed with 0.24 kg of sulfur) and fumigate the greenhouse for one night while maintaining an indoor temperature around 20°C. For chlorothalonil, use 250 g per 667 m², place it at 4–5 points, and seal the room overnight.
- **Biological control:** Apply a 2% agricultural antibiotic 120 or 2% Wuyincin solution diluted 200 times, spraying every 7–10 days.
- **Physical control:** Use a 27% high-lipid emulsion (80–100 times dilution) or Beijing 2B (30–50 times dilution), spraying the leaves at the early stage of infection to create a protective film that prevents bacterial invasion. Spray every 5–6 days, possibly up to 3–4 times.
- **Pesticide control:** Use 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent (200–250 g per 667 m²). At the onset of the disease, apply 20% triadimefon EC (2000 times), 30% tebuconazole WP (2000–3000 times), or a 5000 times baking soda solution. Spray every 3–4 days, up to 3–4 times.
- **Additional methods:** High-temperature stagnation can be effective. Also, promptly remove infected plant parts.
2. **Gray Mold**
Caused by *Botrytis cinerea*, this disease affects flowers, young fruits, leaves, and stems. It often enters through damaged female flowers, causing petal rot and spreading to young fruits. Initially, the affected area becomes soft and watery, then develops into a gray mold layer under high humidity. Leaf lesions appear as round, large spots with some gray mold, while stem infections lead to rot and twisting. The pathogen overwinters on plant residues and soil, spreading via wind, dew, irrigation, or farming activities. The optimal temperature for disease development is 18–23°C, and temperatures above 31°C inhibit the disease. Humidity plays a significant role in its spread.
**Prevention and Treatment Methods:**
- **Disinfection before planting:** Fumigate with 20% speed Keling smoke agent or 20% Tec smoke agent at 0.5–1 kg per 667 m² for 12–24 hours. Alternatively, spray 50% speed Keling wettable powder (600 times) or 65% mefenoxam (400 times) on the ground, walls, and plastic films.
- **Ecological control:** Use mulching or drip irrigation. Watering should be controlled during early growth and after disease onset, and ventilation should be done at the right time. In the evening, if outdoor temperature is around 16°C, open the vents to lower humidity. Raise the temperature inside to 33°C to suppress the pathogen.
This comprehensive approach helps ensure healthier crops and more sustainable greenhouse management.