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Cucumber grafting method
Grafting is a crucial technique in horticulture that enhances plant resilience and productivity. One of the commonly used methods is the straight insertion grafting technique. In this method, black-seeded pumpkin is typically chosen as the rootstock due to its strong compatibility, good quality, and resistance to local diseases. The selected scion should also be a high-quality variety with good growth characteristics.
Before sowing, both the rootstock and scion seeds need to be disinfected and germinated. When grafting winter and spring sorghum, black-seeded pumpkin is usually sown 2 to 3 days before the scion. Once the rootstock has developed two true leaves, it is ready for grafting. At this stage, the scion should have a stem diameter of about 1 cm, making it ideal for the grafting process.
To begin, the growth point of the rootstock is carefully cut using a sharp blade. A bamboo needle, which is specially prepared with the cotyledons of the scion, is then inserted vertically into the incision at a depth of 4 to 5 mm. The scion is cut at an angle approximately 5 mm below the cotyledon node, creating an elliptical surface that measures 4 to 5 mm in length. The bamboo needle is then removed, and the scion is inserted into the hole, ensuring a tight fit between the scion and the rootstock. A plastic clip is used to secure the graft.
After the grafting is completed, the plants are misted with water and placed in a humid small greenhouse to maintain optimal conditions. For the first three days, humidity should be kept at around 95%, with daytime temperatures ranging from 25°C to 28°C and nighttime temperatures between 18°C and 20°C. After four days, the greenhouse is slightly ventilated. By the eighth day, the plastic film can be gradually removed. Approximately 25 days after grafting, the plant enters the three-leaf one-heart stage, indicating it is ready for transplanting.
Another common grafting method is the connection method. Here, the rootstock is placed in a nutrient bowl, and the hypocotyl is cut obliquely at a section 5 to 10 mm above the cotyledon node. The cut is made from the top to the base, measuring 6 to 10 mm in length, and extending 20 to 30 mm below the cotyledon node. The scion is then inserted into the incision of the rootstock, and the joint is secured with a small plastic clamp. The root of the scion is then covered with soil.
About 20 days after grafting, the base of the scion may start to form new roots, and the overall management follows similar procedures to the straight insertion method. This technique ensures a successful graft and promotes healthy plant development. (Li Suqiao)