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A. Reason Analysis:
1. Before pouring concrete, the waterstop strip in the deformation joint may not have been properly installed or fixed. As a result, after the concrete is poured, the waterstop strip shifts out of position, gets compressed by the concrete, twists, curls, or even extrudes outside the wall. This leads to failure in both waterproofing and accommodating structural deformation.
2. Poor bonding at the joints of the waterstop strip can lead to partial detachment, preventing the formation of a continuous waterproof barrier. Additionally, if the waterstop is located in the middle of the deformation joint and is damaged by sharp objects or improperly positioned, it can further compromise its effectiveness.
3. In some cases, an incorrect concrete mix ratio with high shrinkage leads to poor adhesion around the waterstop. Especially in areas like the bottom slab and corners, inadequate vibration during pouring may leave gaps, allowing water to seep through the space between the two sides of the waterstop and the concrete.
4. Uneven foundation settlement can cause structural deformation, pulling the waterstop beyond its limit and resulting in leakage.
5. Some contractors use simple methods such as injecting water glass and cement, plugging agents, or polymer cement mortar. These approaches are rigid, lack flexibility, and are unsuitable for structures that experience movement, often leading to recurring leaks.
B. Preventive Measures:
To avoid such issues, technical instructions should be provided for the installation of the waterstop strip, control of the joint width, filling of the joint, and sealing treatment. A dedicated person should oversee the implementation and acceptance process to ensure the construction design is followed accurately.
C. Repair Methods:
1. Clean the base surface thoroughly within a 400mm area on both sides of the original deformation joint, removing any existing materials such as cement paste or asphalt hemp.
2. Cut the base surface on both sides of the joint to a width of approximately 80–100mm.
3. Pre-embed a 5–10mm thick hemp into the lower part of the expansion joint near the rubber waterstop. Install a φ8@400–450mm aluminum grouting nozzle using quick-setting micro-expansion cement, then apply water-soluble grout for sealing.
4. Fill the groove with polymer cement mortar, and level the surfaces on both sides of the joint (note: the seam width should be 39mm, with a tolerance of -1mm).
5. After the structure gains sufficient strength, insert a φ40mm water-expanding rubber rod into the reserved gap. Ensure the original foam board is removed during construction.
6. Place a 60×40mm polystyrene foam board as a cushion layer inside the deformation joint, pressing it tightly against the water-expanding rubber rod.
7. Apply a two-component polyurethane sealant to the joint, with a thickness of 30mm.
8. Insert another 60×40mm polystyrene foam board as a cushion layer, pressing it firmly against the polyurethane sealant.
9. Apply a 2.0mm thick rubber-based waterproof membrane over the sealed joint, covering a width of 350mm (including the deformation joint), leaving room for expansion. Seal with a 50mm wide single-sided isobutyl adhesive tape. Note: the base must be smooth, compact, and free of dust.
10. Use a 3mm thick rubber plate as a waterproofing cushion layer, applying it in a suspended manner.
11. Install a 2mm thick stainless steel plate as a protective layer for the wall, with an actual width of 400mm and a plane size of 300mm. The plate should be pre-formed into a "U" shape and fastened to the concrete using expansion screws.
Causes and treatment of water leakage in underground deformation joints
Causes and Treatment of Water Leakage in Underground Deformation Joints
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