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Liquid ammonia safe use management guide
Liquid ammonia is a highly hazardous chemical that is flammable, explosive, and toxic. If it leaks, it can lead to fires, explosions, and severe frostbite. On June 3, 2013, a major accident occurred at Jilin Baoyuan Feng Poultry Industry Co., Ltd. in Dehui City, Jilin Province. The incident resulted in numerous casualties, and initial investigations suggested the cause was related to a liquid ammonia leak. This tragic event highlights the importance of strict management and control when handling such dangerous substances.
To prevent similar accidents from happening again, several key measures should be taken. First, it's essential to enhance safety awareness and knowledge among employees. Regular training on liquid ammonia safety should be part of the company’s daily operations and "three-level" safety education. Workers must understand the risks associated with liquid ammonia, learn safe handling procedures, and know how to prevent and respond to potential incidents. Only certified personnel should be allowed to operate refrigeration systems involving liquid ammonia.
Second, equipment maintenance must be strictly managed. Tanks, cylinders, pipelines, valves, and safety devices should undergo regular inspections and maintenance to ensure they are in good working condition. All pressure vessels, pipes, and measuring instruments must be inspected by the quality supervision department before being put into use. Any equipment found to be unsafe or obsolete should be immediately removed from service. For those that require continued operation, a detailed monitoring plan should be implemented, including reduced operating pressure, more frequent inspections, and enhanced safety protocols.
Third, a comprehensive safety management system for equipment maintenance should be established. Companies should follow industry standards such as the "Safety Regulations for Fire Work in the Factory" (HG23011-1999), "Safety Regulations for Equipment in the Plant Area" (HG23012-1999), and "Safety Regulations for Equipment Maintenance and Repair Operations in the Factory Area" (HG23018-1999). These guidelines should be used to develop strict safety procedures and operational permits. During maintenance work, especially involving gas or fire, extra precautions must be taken to ensure the safety of all involved.
Fourth, the process of starting up, shutting down, and handing over production must be carefully controlled. A well-documented and strictly enforced safety system should be in place for these critical phases. Before any overhaul or restart, a detailed plan must be prepared, and all workers should be thoroughly briefed. Safety education should be emphasized to ensure everyone is fully prepared and focused. Additionally, a thorough safety inspection must be conducted prior to resuming operations, and any identified issues should be addressed promptly.
Finally, an effective emergency response plan is crucial. Companies should create a comprehensive emergency plan, establish a dedicated rescue team, equip them with necessary tools, and conduct regular drills. Emergency procedures should be tailored for each area where liquid ammonia is used, and staff should be trained to handle alarms, protective measures, evacuations, first aid, and on-site containment. This ensures that in the event of an accident, the response is swift and effective, minimizing damage and loss.
(Xu Guangliang)