Self-correcting materials for metal wear are composed of ultra-fine powders derived from natural ores. When added to lubricating grease or oil, these materials undergo a chemical reaction under the heat generated by friction between metal components. This process leads to the formation of an iron-based silicate wear-resistant layer, often referred to as a ceramic layer, on the surface of the bearing. As a result, the service life of the bearing is significantly extended.

Since the reform and opening up, China's bearing industry has made remarkable progress. By 2000, China had become the fourth-largest global bearing producer, after Japan, the United States, and Germany. The annual output of bearings exceeded 2 billion sets, with a total value of around 24 billion yuan. Over 50% of the production was exported, generating approximately 700 million U.S. dollars in foreign exchange annually. In recent years, China’s bearing products have seen significant improvements in scale accuracy, rotational precision, noise levels, and reliability. However, compared to international competitors, there is still a noticeable gap in both variety and quality.

By incorporating self-correcting materials into bearings, domestic manufacturers can enhance reliability, reduce friction between rolling elements and raceways, and greatly extend the lifespan of bearings. This advancement moves general bearings closer to the concept of "infinite life," offering substantial economic benefits.

First, the Quality of Domestic Bearing Products:

From 1997 to 1999, according to the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, the pass rate for rolling bearings was 68%. In 2000, this improved by 6 percentage points, indicating the positive impact of quality supervision. Compared to developed countries, the main challenges remain in product diversity and quality:

1. Limited Variety and Low Output: China produces only 20,000 types of bearings, while the industry as a whole offers 150,000 types. Most are general-purpose, and over 2,000 companies operate, but their combined output ranks below the top five international brands.
2. Low Precision and Wide Variability: Although China has made progress in scale and rotation accuracy, there is still a large gap in dimensional tolerance compared to foreign counterparts.
3. Noise and Vibration Issues: The oscillation level of Chinese bearings is over 10 dB higher than that of foreign brands. For example, a 6202 bearing from a foreign brand measures about 26 dB, while domestic samples reach 37.5 dB.
4. Shorter Lifespan and Lower Reliability: Foreign deep groove bearings typically last 8–30 times the calculated life, with a reliability of 0.98 or higher. Domestic bearings usually last 3–5 times the calculated life, with a reliability of around 0.96.

Due to these limitations, China continues to import many bearings for home appliances, automobiles, textiles, and machine tools. In 1999, 640 million sets were imported; in 2000, 930 million; and in 2001, 720 million. These imports include low-noise ball bearings, long-life automotive bearings, spindle bearings, high-speed railway bearings, and textile machinery bearings.

The short lifespan of domestic bearings limits equipment performance, increases maintenance costs, and may lead to accidents. In contrast, developed countries have already adopted the concept of “infinite life” for bearings, aiming for “synchronous life” and “zero failure” during overhaul periods. Domestic manufacturers must continue to improve product life and reliability to meet growing demands.

Related Bearing Knowledge:

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• Four key methods to understand bearing damage and wear issues.
• Chen’s insights on bearing quality and performance.

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