The first excavators were manually or animal-powered, used primarily for digging deep mud in riverbeds. Their bucket capacities were usually no more than 0.2 to 0.3 cubic meters. In the years 1833 to 1836, an early model was developed, but it wasn’t widely adopted. In 1874, American Otis designed and built the first steam-powered, iron-wood hybrid excavator with a semi-rotating mechanism and rail-based movement. It had a productivity of 35 cubic meters per hour, but it was not economically viable and never saw widespread use. However, by the 1970s, improved steam shovels became commercially available and were used in open-pit mining. In 1880, the first semi-rotating steam shovel mounted on a tractor chassis appeared, marking a major advancement. From the early 1900s to the end of the 1940s, excavators began to diversify in terms of power sources and mobility systems. In 1910, the first motor-driven single-bucket excavator was introduced. By 1912, gasoline and kerosene-powered full-rotation models emerged, followed by diesel-powered versions in 1916. In 1924, direct diesel engine drive was implemented on single-bucket excavators. Crawler tracks were introduced in 1910, providing better stability and traction. As the automotive industry expanded, tire-based walking systems became common in smaller excavators. In the 1930s, pedestrian-type walking mechanisms were developed, and by the mid-1950s, Germany and France pioneered full-swing hydraulic excavators, ushering in a new era of development in the industry. Bucket-wheel excavators also have a long history, spanning over a century. In 1860, France produced the world's first mature multi-dump excavator, used in the construction of the Suez Canal. In 1889, the U.S. introduced a multi-dump trencher capable of digging trenches up to 0.29 meters wide and 1.4 meters deep. At the end of the 19th century, bucket-wheel excavators became widely used in lignite mining in Germany. By 1958, each bucket had a capacity of 3,600 liters. In 1977, West Germany built the largest bucket-wheel excavator in the world, with a productivity of 240,000 cubic meters per hour, demonstrating the scale and efficiency that excavator technology could achieve. Digital Microscope,Camera Video Microscope,Sdm Digital Microscope,Video Screen Microscope Ningbo Huaguang Precision Instrument Co., Ltd. , https://www.hgopt.com