Portal frame structures are a classic and widely used building system, especially in industrial and commercial applications. The main upper structure typically consists of a rigid frame beam, columns, bracing, purlins, tie rods, and gable frames. These components work together to create a stable and efficient load distribution system. The steel portal frame is known for its straightforward structural behavior, clear load paths, and ease of fabrication, which allows for fast production and installation. This makes it an ideal choice for various types of buildings, including factories, warehouses, shopping centers, and public facilities. The concept of the steel portal frame originated in the United States and has evolved over the past century into a well-established and standardized construction method. With continuous improvements in design, manufacturing, and construction techniques, this system is now recognized for its reliability, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability to different architectural needs. Portable Spectroradiomete,high-precision spectrometer, scientific research spectral analysis, agricultural spectral application, environmental protection spectral monitoring CHNSpec Technology (Zhejiang)Co.,Ltd , https://www.chnspec360.com