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Low temperature pesticide application standard in winter
In winter, the temperature drops significantly, and the activity of pests and diseases tends to decrease or become dormant. During this cold period, it is crucial to apply chemical pesticides effectively. While selecting the right type of pesticide is important, there are several other factors that should be considered:
1. Choose a sunny and warmer day for application. In high-temperature seasons, applying pesticides after 4 PM is often most effective because crops absorb the chemicals more efficiently at that time. However, in winter, it's best to pick a sunny day when temperatures are relatively higher. For example, when using herbicides on weeds, they absorb the treatment more quickly and in larger quantities under these conditions, which slows down their metabolic breakdown and improves weed control.
2. Adjust the dosage appropriately. The lethal dose required for pests can vary with temperature. Higher temperatures generally lower the required dose, while colder conditions may require an increase. However, this increase should be based on actual temperature conditions and should not exceed 50% of the recommended amount. It's also essential to follow the correct dilution ratio when mixing pesticides in winter and avoid reducing the water content arbitrarily.
3. Extend the safety interval between pesticide application and harvest. Winter pesticides tend to degrade more slowly, leading to longer residual periods in crops. This is especially important when treating vegetables and ornamental plants, where prolonging the safety interval helps protect human health and reduce the risk of poisoning incidents.
4. Prioritize soil treatments where possible. Although soil-applied pesticides can sometimes cause phytotoxicity, they are often cost-effective. During winter, fruit trees are less sensitive to pesticides due to dormancy, making products like Bordeaux mixture and sulfur-based sprays effective for pest control.
5. Add a small packet of "medicine primer" or 15 grams of vegetable oil to each barrel of the spray solution to improve adhesion. However, this practice should not be used on edible vegetables.
6. Select pesticides that perform well in cold weather. Systemic and fumigant insecticides are more affected by low temperatures than contact or stomach poisons. For instance, organophosphates like trichlorfon, dichlorvos, and methamidophos may lose effectiveness in cold conditions. On the other hand, pyrethroids such as deltamethrin, along with compounds like phoxim and sulfur mixtures, remain effective even in lower temperatures. Similarly, herbicides applied in winter take longer to show results but usually do not require reapplication if properly sprayed.