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Low temperature pesticide application standard in winter
In winter, temperatures drop significantly, and the activity of pests and diseases tends to decrease. During this cold period, it's essential to apply chemical pesticides effectively. Besides selecting the right type of pesticide, there are several other important considerations:
1. Choose the right time for application—prefer sunny days with higher temperatures. In warmer seasons, applying pesticides after 4 PM is usually effective because plants absorb them most efficiently at that time. However, in winter, it's best to choose a day with high sunlight and temperature. For instance, when using herbicides on weeds during warm conditions, they absorb the treatment quickly and metabolize it slowly, making weed control more efficient.
2. Increase the dosage appropriately. The lethal dose of pests varies with temperature. Higher temperatures usually lower the required dose, while colder weather may require an increase. In winter, you should adjust the dosage based on the temperature, but it should not exceed 50% of the standard amount. It's also crucial to follow the recommended dilution ratios strictly and avoid reducing the water content arbitrarily.
3. Extend the safety interval between pesticide application and harvest. Pesticides tend to break down more slowly in cold weather, leading to longer residues in crops. This is especially important when treating vegetables and flowers in winter, as prolonged residue can pose health risks. Ensuring a longer safety interval helps prevent accidental poisoning and ensures safer consumption.
4. Prioritize soil-applied pesticides where possible. These are generally more cost-effective but may cause phytotoxicity if not used carefully. However, fruit trees are more resistant to pesticides during their dormant phase in winter. Using products like Bordeaux mixture or lime sulfur can be both economical and effective for pest control during this time.
5. Add a small packet of "medicine primer" or 15 grams of vegetable oil per barrel of spray solution to improve adhesion. However, this should not be done when applying pesticides to vegetables.
6. Select pesticides that perform well in cold conditions. Systemic and fumigant pesticides are more affected by low temperatures. For example, insecticides like trichlorfon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, and methamidophos may lose effectiveness in cold weather. On the other hand, pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, along with organophosphates like phoxim and lime sulfur, remain effective even in lower temperatures. Similarly, herbicides applied in winter take longer to show results, but once properly sprayed, reapplication is often unnecessary. Choosing the right type of pesticide is key to successful winter pest management.