How to Judge the Quality of INA Imported Bearings and Identify Failure Causes

Source: China Bearing Network | Date: 2013-07-27

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When it comes to identifying the quality of German INA bearings, many customers mistakenly believe that a shiny exterior indicates high quality. However, this is not always the case. The surface should be dark and lustrous, which reflects the quality of the steel used, as well as the grinding process and cutting fluids applied during manufacturing. Another common misconception is about the chamfering of imported bearings. While a bright chamfer might seem appealing, it doesn't necessarily reflect the bearing's overall quality. Instead, it shows the machining technique used. A black chamfer typically indicates that heat treatment has been performed after quenching, which enhances the hardness of the bearing. Some people may think a black chamfer means poor processing, but this is just a misunderstanding. In terms of cage design, an integrated cage is often considered better than a two-piece cage. However, modern manufacturing processes have improved the performance of two-piece cages, and in some cases, they may even outperform the integrated type. Itâ€™s important to evaluate based on actual application needs rather than just design. The service life of imported bearings depends on three key factors: the quality of the bearing itself, the operating environment, and the installation method. Any issues in these areas can lead to premature failure. For example, if the bearing is subjected to uneven loads or improper installation, it can cause irregular wear patterns on the raceway. If the load is consistent, the wear may spread evenly across the surface. Permanent deformation in bearings can result in vibrations, noise, and increased friction. It may also create internal voids or disrupt the harmony between components. To prevent such issues, it's crucial to select bearings with sufficient static load capacity, especially in applications requiring high reliability, quiet operation (such as motors), or precise movement (like machine tools). Additionally, bearings must maintain a constant torque for instruments and testing equipment, and operate smoothly under low-load conditions, such as in cranes. The safety factor in static load calculations is determined by the relationship between the static load rating (C0) and the equivalent static load (P0). This factor ensures that the bearing can withstand unexpected stresses without failing. Most INA bearing failures are caused by two main factors: material defects and overload. One of the most common causes is when the external load exceeds the bearing's ultimate strength. Overloading can occur due to improper installation or sudden shocks from the host machine. Under normal conditions, microcracks, shrinkage cavities, air bubbles, large foreign particles, or burns inside the bearing parts can lead to fractures under excessive stress or overheating. These types of failures are referred to as "fault fractures." To prevent such issues, strict control over the production process is essential. This includes rigorous inspection of raw materials, advanced casting and heat treatment techniques, and precise process control. By improving these aspects, manufacturers can better identify and eliminate potential defects. In summary, while bearing failures are often linked to overload problems, ensuring proper quality control and correct installation can significantly extend the lifespan of INA bearings.
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