The development of the piston-type internal combustion engine can be traced back to the early experiments of the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens, who tried to use gunpowder explosions for power generation. However, this approach was not successful due to the difficulty in controlling the combustion process. In 1794, British engineer Streator proposed using fuel combustion as a power source and introduced the concept of mixing fuel with air for the first time. This idea laid an important foundation for future advancements. In the mid-1800s, scientists refined the theory of converting heat from burning gases, gasoline, and diesel into mechanical energy. This progress paved the way for the creation of the modern internal combustion engine. Since its invention in the 1860s, the piston engine has undergone continuous improvements, becoming a highly efficient and versatile machine. It offers high thermal efficiency, a wide range of power outputs, and excellent maneuverability, making it the preferred choice for various applications. From cars and tractors to construction equipment, ships, and even small aircraft, internal combustion engines are widely used across the globe. Although several internal combustion engine concepts were proposed in the 19th century, most remained theoretical until practical models began to emerge. In 1860, French inventor Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir created the first practical gas engine, which used compressed air, electric ignition, and illuminating gas. His design featured a spring piston ring and had a thermal efficiency of about 4%. Later, British engineer Barnett suggested compressing the fuel-air mixture before ignition, which significantly improved engine efficiency. In 1862, French scientist Alphonse Beau de Rochas conducted a theoretical analysis of the internal combustion process and proposed the four-stroke cycle, which became the basis for modern engines. In 1876, German inventor Nikolaus Otto built on Rochas' work and developed the first four-stroke internal combustion engine, capable of producing 3.2 kW (4.4 hp) of power. This engine operated at 156.7 rpm with a compression ratio of 2.66 and a thermal efficiency of 14%, setting a new standard for performance at the time. Over the years, the Otto engine continued to evolve. By 1880, its power increased to 11–15 kW (15–20 hp), and by 1893, it reached 150 kW. As compression ratios increased, so did thermal efficiency, rising from 15.5% in 1886 to 20–26% by 1897. Around the same time, British engineer Clark introduced the first two-stroke gas engine, further expanding the possibilities of internal combustion technology. The rise of petroleum products like gasoline and diesel brought new opportunities. In 1883, German engineer Gottlieb Daimler developed the first vertical gasoline engine, known for its lightweight and high speed—reaching up to 800 rpm, far surpassing other engines of the time. This made it ideal for vehicles, leading to the successful use of gasoline engines in automobiles between 1885 and 1886. The automotive industry then drove further innovations in engine design. In 1892, German engineer Rudolf Diesel was inspired by flour mill explosions and envisioned a system where air is compressed to the point of auto-ignition, allowing fuel to be injected and burned without a spark. His compression-ignition engine, developed in 1897, marked a major breakthrough. Known as the diesel engine, it achieved a thermal efficiency of around 26%, significantly higher than earlier designs. This innovation opened new doors in engine technology and gained widespread attention. Diesel engines were first used in stationary generators in 1898, later in merchant ships in 1903, and in locomotives by 1913. By the 1920s, they were also applied to cars and agricultural machinery. Their reliability and efficiency made them a key component in many industries. Before the development of piston engines, engineers experimented with rotary designs, but these faced challenges with sealing and performance. In 1954, German engineer Felix Wankel solved these issues and developed the Wankel engine in 1957. This rotary engine features a triangular rotor that rotates within a specially shaped housing, operating on the Otto cycle. It offers high power-to-volume ratios, smooth operation, and ease of maintenance, though it faces challenges in fuel economy and emissions. Despite this, it has found niche applications in certain vehicle models. Digital Display Humidity Controller Digital Display Humidity Controller,Digital Humidity Control,Digital Humidity Controller,Digital Temperature And Humidity Controller Yuyao Gongyi Meter Co.,Ltd. , https://www.yycj.com