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Vegetables need a lot of nutrients in their growth and development, and they often need to fertilize more to meet their needs.
1. When the ground is sprinkled with vegetables, or when it is raining, the fertilizer is applied to the noodles or between the rows of plants. This method is relatively simple, saves time and labor, but the utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and a part of the fertilizer is lost by volatilization. In particular, ammonium bicarbonate is extremely volatile and is not recommended for application; urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate can be applied in the case where the field is inconvenient to operate and the vegetables are in urgent need of fertilizer. Do not sprinkle on the leaves when applying, so as not to burn the leaves.
2. Apply the vegetables with water Before the watering, spread the fertilizer in the ditch, so that the fertilizer melts into the soil with the watering. On the one hand, this kind of fertilization method will have some volatilization loss. On the other hand, some of the water will leak into the deep layer of the soil, and the roots of the vegetables cannot be absorbed and utilized. The advantage is that the method is simple and the labor is small. In the case that a large area of ​​vegetables is seriously deficient in fertilizer and is not easy to be buried, it can be used as the preferred method of topdressing. It is best to dissolve the fertilizer before the application, and then apply it with water.
3. The characteristics of drip fertigation are: after the fertilizer of the nutrient element of one or several kinds of vegetables is passed through the drip irrigation filtration system, the dissolved fertilizer automatically enters the soil around the root of the vegetable with the drip irrigation water. At the same time, the mulch is covered, and the fertilizer is almost non-volatile and has no loss. It not only saves fertilizer and water, saves labor and labor, but also fertilizes according to the main components and characteristics of fertilizers. It is a relatively advanced fertilization method. The disadvantage is that there must be matching drip irrigation and water supply equipment, and there is a strict film cover, as well as the determination of nutrient levels in the soil, the investment is relatively high.
4. Deep application of mechanical deep application includes deep application of base fertilizer before vegetable cultivation and topdressing and application in cultivation process, generally adopting ditch application, acupoint application and strip application. Immediately after the application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, it will be fine. This method has less fertilizer waste, but it is labor intensive and inconvenient to operate. Planting and inter-row embedding, due to the concentration of fertilizer, large depth, too close to the root, easy to damage the root system, so when the fertilizer is buried, the digging hole should leave the base of the plant more than 10cm. The application period is generally used when the growth of vegetables is not large. However, in actual production, the peak of growth of vegetables is often the peak of water demand. Therefore, when the method of application is used during high temperature, in order to prevent negative effects, the application is buried. After that, water must be watered to reduce the soil fertilizer concentration.
V. Foliar fertilization vegetables In the production management process, in addition to paying attention to timely topdressing to supplement nutrient deficiency, it can also be combined with spraying to control pests and diseases for multiple foliar fertilization. This method is a cost-effective fertilization method with fast fertilizer efficiency and low dosage. The effect is more obvious when the plant is senescent, the root system is not sufficiently absorbed by the damage, or is used in the case of severe deficiency. Fertilizers used in foliar fertilization In addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large amount of elemental fertilizers, many manufacturers have also developed micro-fertilizer or amino acid fertilizers suitable for foliar application, such as spray Shibao, phytoalexin, Tianfengsu, etc., have certain effects. However, it must be pointed out that the nutrients required for the growth and development of vegetables mainly come from soil fertilization. Foliar fertilization can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
6. Nutrient liquid Fertilization nutrient solution Fertilization is to prepare nutrient solution by dissolving various nutrient compounds in water according to different types and different growth stages of vegetable crops to provide nutrients for crop growth. There is no waste of water and water loss. Compared with soil cultivation, the effect of saving fertilizer is very obvious. And the implementation of modern equipment management, which greatly saves the labor. The difficulty is that in the preparation process of the nutrient solution, all the nutrients (including trace elements) required for the growth and development of a certain vegetable crop must be combined. Since the fertilizer source is mainly chemical fertilizer, it must be accurately calculated and rationally combined, and the pH and total salt content of the nutrient solution should be adjusted at all times to maintain the chemical balance of the nutrient solution.
Huaxian County Agricultural Products Inspection and Testing Center Chang Bili
Several fertilization methods and applications of vegetables
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