2. Treatment of dangerous goods and chemical injuries (1) Symptoms of Dangerous Goods and Chemical Injuries Many chemicals that burn and explode can generate large amounts of toxic substances, causing poisoning on site. Poisoning is the most important cause of dangerous goods and chemicals and can cause a series of complications. In the respiratory system, asphyxiation, pulmonary edema, pneumonia and pleurisy may occur; in the cardiovascular system, acute cyclical collapse and heart failure may occur; in the nervous system, confusion, convulsions and confusion may occur; the digestive system may be Gastrointestinal injury, vomiting, bleeding, intestinal perforation, liver damage; urinary system, kidney, bladder may be damaged, fluid loss of balance; at the same time, poisoning may also be associated with high body temperature, edema and other symptoms. â— If the skin is in contact with dirt, immediately take the injured person off the contaminated clothes and shoes, wash off the chemicals on the skin with plenty of water, and at least water for 10 minutes. If there are still traces of chemicals on the skin, continue flushing for another 10 minutes. Follow-up treatment with general burns.
In recent years, there have been some major dangerous goods accidents in China. For example, in January 1989, two oil fires occurred in the waters of the Xinjiang District in Honghu City. During the process of firefighting, the armed police and the fire department suddenly encountered oil fires. The explosion caused many people to sacrifice and be injured; as in June 2000, in the investigation of the vessel “GLOBAL MARS†hijacked by pirates, two police officers forcibly took down their cabins and died as a result of being smothered by oil vapor in the cabin.
The above example shows that dangerous goods and chemical accidents will cause great harm to relevant personnel. The timely and correct disposal of the injured personnel in such accidents is the key to ensuring the life safety of relevant personnel.
1. Precautions for On-Site Rescue â— A full set of protective clothing and breathing apparatus should be worn at the scene of the accident;
â— Try to move the wounded to a fresh air or upwind position;
â— If there is no trained rescue team to lead, do not enter the enclosed area easily;
â— If the occupant suffers from coma, difficulty breathing, no breathing, and no pulse, he should be immediately rescued by CPR;
â—Dispose of the nature of dangerous goods or chemicals before disposing of the wounded;
â— Do not dispose of the wounded in low-lying areas. Instead, select high-ventilation areas.
â— Contaminated protective clothing or other equipment should be isolated to prevent contact by personnel. After the relevant experts arrive at the site, they are cleaned and disinfected.
In addition, dangerous goods and chemical substances may cause people's burns and frostbite when they explode or leak. Some substances may cause blindness of people; radioactive substances may also cause radiation damage to people.
(2) On-site disposal of dangerous goods and chemical injuries â— For poisoned persons, immediately remove the injured from the contaminated air (Note: Rescuers should wear self-contained breathing apparatus to avoid injury). Whether the injured person has breathing and pulse.
â— If the injured person does not breathe, artificial respiration should be performed immediately; if there is no pulse, chest cardiac compression should be performed immediately to restore heart and lung function.
In spite of breathing, when the consciousness is unclear, the injured person should be placed in an unrestrained rescue position (the wounded person should face downwards, head sideways or on the other side, and no pillow should be applied under his head. It will be on the same side as the face. Pull your arm up and your leg forward, then lift your chin and straighten your arms and legs on the other side, as shown in Figure 1-6.
In addition, you should see if there are any obstacles in the mouth that make breathing difficult. Pull the tongue forward to remove blood, vomit, or other secretions from the mouth and remove the dentures until the wounded person resumes breathing. If necessary, oxygenate and warm the patient.
â— Do not give anything or any alcohol, morphine, or any stimulants to the indifferent wounded. After 12 hours of inattention, infusions and oxygen must be given, especially during hot weather and/or when the wounded person is obviously sweating; after 48 hours of unconsciousness, the limbs and joints of the patient should be passively activated daily, at least once a day.
â— If you breathe and are conscious, you should immediately give oxygen and keep warm to get ready for the hospital.
◠If there is frostbite, place the frostbite immediately into warm water at 42°C for rewarming until it is thawed; place the wounded in a warm place; do not rub the frostbite.
â— When the eyes come in contact with dirt, flush the chemicals out of the eyes with plenty of water as quickly as possible. As shown in Figure 1-7, keep the eyes of the flushing eyes open. Rinse the eyes thoroughly with water for more than 10 minutes (must ensure effective flushing for more than 10 minutes).
Prevent damage to dangerous goods and chemical goods
Many dangerous goods and chemical goods have the characteristics of fire, explosion, poisoning, corrosion, and radiation. In accidents, they can cause accidental casualties and state property losses. Dangerous goods and chemical accidents often cause burns, frostbite, poisoning, and disability on the scene of the accident.