Editor's Note: The oceans, forests, and wetlands are listed as the three major ecosystems of the earth and are important barriers to safeguarding global ecological security. While providing a lot of resources for human beings, the ocean is also suffering from various kinds of pollution. Therefore, the proper use and protection of marine resources is an urgent issue for humanity. The 21st century is the century of the ocean. With the new round of development of the marine economy, the offshore oil development industry is still in the ascendant, but it also brings serious social and environmental problems, especially the oil leakage problem occurs from time to time. It seriously pollutes and destroys the ocean. Ecology makes the marine ecology face a more severe crisis. The most typical case was in April 2010, when the offshore drilling boom of the “Deepwater Horizon†in the Gulf of Mexico sank, causing a large amount of crude oil to leak, causing serious damage to the marine ecology and endangered species in the Gulf of Mexico. Similarly, the situation of offshore oil development in China is also very grim. There are about 500 cases of various oil spills at sea each year. Many of them are major oil spills, such as 118 major oil spills in 1980-1997. Another example is the explosion of Qingdao Huangdao oil depot in 1989, and more than 600 tons of crude oil flowed into the sea. In Qingdao Port alone, there were 208 various oil spill accidents from 1979 to 1989, with 5,810 tons of oil spilled. In June of this year, CNOOC and the United States ConocoPhillips company's cooperation project, Penglai 19-3 oilfield occurred in Bohai Bay, a major oil spill accident. After oil pollutants enter the marine environment, it will cause many harms. After oil enters the ocean, it eventually accumulates in the human body through the food chain, thus causing serious harm to human health. Pollutants have a tremendous impact on the growth, reproduction, and overall ecosystem of marine life. The toxic compounds in the contaminants can alter the cellular activity and cause death from acute poisoning by algae and other plankton. When the concentration of oil in the ocean is between 0.0001 mg/L and 0.001 mg/L, it affects the early development of fish eggs and fish. The coverage of the oil film on the surface of the water can lead to the death of a large number of birds. The heavy components in oil sink into the seabed and cause harm to benthic organisms. Oil pollution can inhibit photosynthesis, reduce the content of oxygen in seawater, destroy the normal physiological function of organisms, and make the fishery resources gradually decline. In polluted seas, poor water quality causes a large number of deaths in farmed animals. The survivors also have odors due to the presence of petroleum contaminants and are not edible. Data show that fish and shellfish in the oil containing 0.01mg/L of seawater for 24 hours with oil flavor, if the concentration rose to 0.1mg/L, two or three hours there will be odor. As a result, farmers in polluted seas suffered severe economic losses. Affected by ocean currents and waves, the oil in the ocean can easily accumulate on the shore, polluting the beach, destroying tourism resources, and inflicting heavy blows on local tourism. In the past, in the treatment of oil pollution, physical and chemical treatments were the main methods. Physical treatments included the establishment of oil barriers (bunker fences), the sealing of oil spilled sea surfaces, the use of oil skimmers, oil suction belts, and oil nets to remove oil film. Put in adsorbent materials (sponge-like polymer, coconut shell, rice straw, sawdust, pumice powder, and corn flour, etc.) to adsorb large amounts of oils floating on the surface of the sea; use the combustion method to treat offshore oil pollution when sea conditions permit, efficiency Higher, but likely to cause secondary pollution; pollution of the coastal zone can be cleaned with a high pressure water gun. Chemical treatment is the use of chemical cleaning agents and descaling agents to eliminate petroleum pollutants or inhibit the spread of oil, especially in the initial stage of oil spill accidents on oil carriers or drilling platforms. This is an effective method. However, the side effects of these chemical reagents are much greater than the direct economic losses caused by the proliferation of petroleum pollution. The rescue and care of contaminated seabirds have been verified by people. Therefore, since the 1970s, many countries have banned the use of chemical treatments. Since the 1990s, with the development of biotechnology, bioremediation technology has gradually become the core technology in the treatment of oil pollution, and has become the main way to remove the current oil pollution. Bioremediation refers to a controlled or spontaneous process that uses the biological metabolic activity to catalytically degrade organic contaminants, thereby removing or eliminating environmental pollution. Compared with traditional physical and chemical treatment methods, bioremediation has a huge advantage: bioremediation has the smallest impact on people and the environment. It can eventually decompose the contaminants into carbon dioxide and water, and the process is rapid and cost-effective. In order to protect and improve the marine environment, protect marine resources, prevent and control pollution damage, maintain ecological balance, protect human health, and promote sustainable economic and social development, the state has successively enacted laws such as the “Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China†and other laws. Laws and regulations have played a role in marine environmental protection. However, there are still some thorny problems. In particular, the system of damages and restoration of damage caused by petroleum pollution to the marine ecological environment lacks operative detailed implementation rules and methods in the course of law enforcement. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the protection of the marine and coastal eco-environment from the statutory system, and learn from the experience of developed countries, effectively prevent the occurrence of marine oil pollution incidents, and protect and govern the marine ecological environment. For the legal mechanism of compensation for compensation for marine ecological damage, the industry in China has appealed for many years, but no corresponding system has been established at the legislative level, and most of the compensation and compensation for marine ecological damage caused by various development activities has remained on the slogan. According to the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Marine Environment", if marine environmental pollution is caused by offshore oil exploration and development activities, a fine of between 30,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan shall be imposed. Due to the complicated conditions at sea, once the oil pollution occurs, the cost of eliminating the damage and impact is huge, and the risk is extremely high. The maximum penalty of RMB 200,000 prescribed by the current law is not enough to make up for the loss of the marine ecological environment and the cost required for restoration. The relevant person in charge of the State Oceanic Administration stated that there is indeed a phenomenon that China’s relevant laws do not meet the requirements of offshore oil development and environmental protection. We need to revise and improve relevant laws to change the situation of “high compliance costs and low illegal costsâ€. One and a half years after the US rig exploded and caused a serious environmental disaster, the United States President’s Special Task Force on Restoration of the Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem released the first draft of the Gulf Ecological Restoration Program. The Gulf of Mexico ecological restoration includes habitats, water quality, resource restoration and conservation, and improved ecological resilience. The polluted ecosystem is extremely fragile, and its anti-interference ability is weak. Therefore, in the United States, restrictions on the import of eutrophication, pollutants, and other marine input water bodies (river, rainwater, ship ballast water, etc.) are added to the US remediation program. Marine ecosystem restoration is a project that requires a lot of money, manpower, and time. There are places in the Gulf of Mexico restoration program that we can learn from. In the restoration work, the United States adopted adaptive management, that is, a systematic approach to identifying and optimizing management strategies by learning knowledge in management processes and results. The methodology pays attention to the dynamic learning, information feedback and adjustment capabilities of uncertain environments and events. This theoretical approach has important methodological significance for the study of emergency management mechanisms for emergencies in modern society. At present, the study of adaptive management in China's management theory circles is not deep enough, and the adaptive management model is not used as a tool for specific experimental cases. Applying adaptive management to the treatment of acute events such as marine oil spills can enable us to gain a completely new perspective and method in the process, to avoid the lag in scientific research results and to be able to be used in specific case studies, and to contribute to emergency policies, Regulations, emergency planners and participants form consensus and jointly build and improve emergency management systems that are in line with China's national conditions.