Ball valve concept and industry classification analysis

A ball valve is a type of shut-off valve that uses a spherical disc, known as a ball, to control the flow of fluid through a pipeline. Its primary function is to either fully open or fully close the flow, making it ideal for applications where quick and reliable shutoff is required. Ball valves are known for their low flow resistance, excellent sealing performance, rapid operation, and high durability. The basic structure of a ball valve includes a valve body, stem, ball, and sealing ring. It operates by rotating the ball 90 degrees using a handle or an actuator, which moves the ball so that its hole aligns with the pipeline (for full opening) or blocks it (for full closing). There are two main types of ball valves: floating ball valves and fixed ball valves. In a floating ball valve, the ball is supported on one side by a sealing ring and can move slightly under fluid pressure. This movement helps create a tight seal on the downstream side, making this type suitable for low-pressure and small-diameter systems. On the other hand, a fixed ball valve has the ball secured in place by upper and lower shafts within bearings. Instead of the ball moving, the sealing rings are designed to float and press against the ball using spring force and fluid pressure, creating a seal on the upstream side. This design makes it more suitable for high-pressure and large-diameter applications. Direct-welded ball valves are commonly used in challenging environments such as underground facilities, offshore platforms, and subsea equipment. These valves use high-quality forged components and are welded in a single layer, giving them a more compact and robust structure. The design allows for better weight distribution and higher strength, while also enabling precise manufacturing that ensures a complete seal between the ball and seat. The fully welded, boltless body eliminates the risk of external leakage, and the fire-safe design ensures long-term reliability without the need for maintenance. Another type, the track ball valve, is a multi-turn valve that uses a tilting mechanism to reduce wear on the sealing surfaces. When closed, the ball is pressed tightly against the seat by mechanical force, ensuring a secure seal without relying on pressure differentials. When opened, the ball tilts away from the seat, allowing fluid to flow evenly around the ball’s surface. This feature minimizes erosion on the valve seat caused by high-speed flow. Additionally, since there is no friction during opening or closing, the operation is smooth and dependable.

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