Aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes come in various types, with extrusion methods typically categorized into three groups based on their strength characteristics and processing performance: pure aluminum (1XXX series), soft alloys (3XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX series), and hard alloys (2XXX, 4XXX, 7XXX series). Extruding pure aluminum and soft alloy pipes is relatively straightforward, as they allow for greater deformation and produce good surface finishes. In contrast, hard alloy pipes are more challenging to extrude, requiring less deformation, stronger machinery, and careful handling to avoid surface defects. As a result, the process involves higher technical requirements, more complex procedures, longer production cycles, higher tooling costs, and lower yield rates. These pipes demand high surface quality, yet their hardness is not very high, especially when hot. Therefore, during production and transportation, extra care must be taken to prevent any impact or damage. It’s essential to protect the product throughout the entire process, ensuring that it is handled gently and stored in a clean, organized manner to maintain its integrity. During extrusion, aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes are prone to sticking to the tools, which can lead to surface imperfections. To prevent this, proper lubrication is necessary, along with high-quality tool surfaces and sufficient hardness. All areas in contact with the pipe must meet strict process standards to ensure smooth extrusion and high-quality output. Extrusion speed plays a critical role in the process. While pure aluminum does not require strict speed control, other alloy pipes have specific optimal extrusion speeds. Therefore, it's important to use an extruder with adjustable speed settings to maintain consistency and quality throughout production. Many aluminum and aluminum alloys can be easily welded under high temperature and pressure, which is beneficial for pipe manufacturing. For instance, flat and modular extrusions take advantage of this property to create pipes and complex hollow sections. This not only increases the variety and size of available products but also allows for the use of solid ingots on standard single-acting extruders to produce intricate shapes. Perforated extrusion can be applied under suitable conditions. During this process, a complete metal sleeve forms on the inner surface of the extrusion barrel and the perforating pin. Keeping this sleeve clean and intact is crucial for producing high-quality pipes. Any damage or contamination can lead to internal and external surface defects, such as air bubbles, peeling, or scratches. To ensure dimensional accuracy and reduce wall thickness eccentricity, it's vital to align the equipment and tools properly. This helps prevent issues like broken needles or damage to other components, ensuring smoother and more reliable extrusion operations. Lastly, aluminum and aluminum alloy pipes are not well-suited for peeling or extrusion methods due to the difficulty in removing the shell without causing damage. These limitations highlight the importance of selecting the right extrusion technique for each type of alloy to achieve the best results.
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